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Sliding Doors
Sliding Doors A door in which the panel or panels slide open and closed on a hanger mechanism that is usually mounted above the doorway opening. A sliding door system can have either a single or...
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Flash-butt Welding
The welding process is in principle a regulated electric short circuit with the two rail ends functioning as D.C. poles. The high current produces an arc between the rail ends, the two rail...
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Catenary Section Insulators
The section insulator (SI) is a device installed in the catenary system for electrical separation of two electrical feeds while allowing for the passage of a vehicle pantograph, such as in a crossover...
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Baku Metro Fire (1995)
In October 28, 1995, an electrical failure led to a fire on one of the trains in Baku’s Metro. The electrical failure caused a fire in the fourth of five cars and made the train to stop between two...
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Simulation Software Categories for Tunnel Ventilation Systems
Software applications used for the design of tunnel ventilation systems fall into two general categories: onedimensional onedimensional, also known as network analysis, and two or three-dimensional...
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Critical Velocity for Smoke Control
The ventilation system would be operated to force the smoke and hot gases in the direction of the empty tunnel to provide a clear and safe environment behind the fire for evacuees and fire fighters....
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Diaphragm Wall Construction
Diaphragm wall is a continuous wall constructed in ground in to facilitate certain construction activities, such as: As a retaining wall As a cut-off provision to support deep excavation As the final...
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Secant Pile Wall Construction
Secant pile walls are formed by constructing intersecting reinforced concrete piles. The secant piles are reinforced with either steel rebar or with steel beams and are constructed by either drilling...
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Heavy-Duty Escalator
Heavy-duty escalators are used in mass railway transit systems as rapid transit (metro), LRT. A. Design Criteria A.1. Operational requirements Hours of operation shall be considered as 24 hours per...
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Sheet Pile Wall Construction
Sheet pile walls are retaining walls constructed to retain earth, water or any other filling materials. These walls are thinner in section compared to masonry walls. Sheet pile walls are generally used...
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Heavy-Duty Elevator – Machine Room Less
Heavy-duty elevators are used in mass railway transit systems as rapid transit (metro), LRT. A. Design Criteria A. Operational requirements Hours of operation shall be considered as twenty-four (24)...
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Braking Systems
Braking Mechanisms When a braking force is applied to stop the cars, the force must be transmitted to something other than the cars, for example, to the rails. The braking force can be transmitted...
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Guard Rail
Guardrails (also known as guard/ girder/ restraining/ check rails) are used in transit systems to reduce rail wear in sharp curves and to increase the track’s resistance to flange climb derailment....
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Energy efficiency – Replace lamps with more energy efficient ones
Since many metro and light rail stations were built in the 20th century, lighting in many stations is conventional. That means that lighting with fluorescent lighting tubes and (incandescent) light...
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Buckled Rail
On warm days, rails in direct sunshine can be as much as 20 degrees centigrade above air temperature. As rails are made out of steel, they expand as they heat up and are subject to strong compression....
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Rail Gauges
The gauge of a railway track is defined as the clear minimum perpendicular distance between the inner faces of the two rails. The different gauges can broadly be divided into the following four...
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Immersed Tube Tunnel
Immersed tube, also called Sunken Tube, technique of underwater tunneling used principally for underwater crossings. The method was pioneered by the American engineer W.J. Wilgus in the Detroit River...
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Submerged Floating Tunnel
Tunnels in water are by no means new in civil engineering. Since about 1900, more than 100 immersed tunnels have been constructed. Bridges are the most common structures used for crossing water bodies....
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Train Depot Area
A train depot is where trains are stabled and maintained. The depots have infrastructure to maintain the rakes with necessary facilities viz stabling lines, scheduled inspection lines, workshop for...
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Major Plant and Machinery for Depot Area
A. Material Handling A.1. Overhead Travelling Crane Cranes are employed for lifting and lowering materials and moving materials in a rectangular area. A.2. Jib Crane Jib crane enable lifting and...
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